Psychological, informational, logistical, and social determinants of regular blood donation in Malaysia

Understanding donor profiles and the barriers and facilitators influencing blood donation is crucial for strengthening voluntary blood donation programs. This study aimed to examine the socio-demographic profile of blood donors and to identify the key barriers and facilitators influencing blood donation practices framed within psychological, informational, logistical, and social dimensions.

A cross-sectional study was conducted among donors at the University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) using a structured questionnaire to assess sociodemographic characteristics and perceived barriers and facilitators of blood donation. Multivariable logistic regression identified independent predictors of donation behavior.

A total of 262 participants completed the study, of whom 73.0% were regular donors and 27.0% were first-time or non-regular donors. Multivariable analysis revealed several significant predictors of regular blood donation. Among demographic factors, married individuals had higher odds of donating regularly (aOR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.02-4.20, p = 0.043). In contrast, participants with higher educational attainment were less likely to be regular donors, including those with a diploma (aOR = 0.13, p < 0.001) and those with a degree or above (aOR = 0.19, p = 0.002). High altruism and motivation were the strongest facilitators (aOR = 2.79, 95% CI: 1.39-5.61, p = 0.004). Conversely, limited knowledge of donation procedures (aOR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.15-0.64, p = 0.001) and prior detrimental experiences (aOR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.09-0.49, p < 0.001) significantly reduced the likelihood of regular donation.

These findings highlight the strong influence of altruism, social factors, and donor experience on promote regular blood donation. Interventions should also specifically target single and highly educated individuals.