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Effect of Material Type and Printing Orientation on the Marginal and Internal Fit of Additively Manufactured
Destina Suay Sarı1, Hatice Sevmez2
1Research Assistant, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontic, Bolu, Turkey.
Objective:
To investigate the effects of material type and printing orientation on the marginal, axial, and occlusal fit of additively manufactured definitive resin crowns using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).
Methods:
Seventy definitive resin crowns were allocated to 10 groups according to material type (Saremco Crowntec [SC] and VarseoSmile Crown Plus [VP]) and printing orientation (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°; n = 7). Crowns were fabricated using digital light processing and evaluated by micro-CT at 26 predefined measurement points. Data were analyzed using generalized estimating equations with a CR2 small-sample correction and Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons (α = 0.05).
Results:
Marginal fit was significantly affected by printing orientation (P = 0.005) and the material × printing orientation interaction (P < 0.001), but not by material (P = 0.703). For axial fit, material, printing orientation, and their interaction were significant (all P < 0.001). Occlusal fit was significantly affected by printing orientation (P = 0.016) and the interaction (P < 0.001), but not by material (P = 0.074). Most material-printing orientation combinations showed marginal gaps below the commonly cited 120 µm clinical threshold; however, SC at 90° and VP at 0° exceeded this threshold.
Conclusions:
The effect of printing orientation on the fit of additively manufactured definitive resin crowns was material-dependent and varied according to the evaluated fit region. Material-specific optimization of printing orientation may improve restoration fit.