[Exploration of precision minimally invasive surgery and kinematic optimization in unicompartmental knee...

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is a core procedure in the stepped treatment of knee osteoarthritis. It has been increasingly widely used due to its advantages, such as minimal trauma, rapid recovery, and preservation of bone mass, yet it still faces challenges. In terms of patient selection, traditional criteria have been reasonably expanded on the basis of clinical evidence, and individualized comprehensive assessment has become the core principle. In terms of surgical techniques, precision and intelligence are the key breakthrough points. AI-assisted preoperative planning, 3D-printed patient-specific instruments, and robot-assisted surgery have significantly improved the accuracy, but the "gold standard" for prosthesis positioning remains undefined. Kinematic optimization is crucial for enhancing therapeutic efficacy; relevant technologies can reduce complications, but the understanding of postoperative UKA kinematic still needs to be deepened. Regarding prosthesis selection, fixed-bearing and mobile-bearing prostheses each have their merits and drawbacks, while cementless prostheses and new materials show promising potential, requiring multi-dimensional collaborative optimization. There is a lack of exclusive standardized protocols for perioperative management in UKA, while the management system constructed by digital technology has achieved remarkable results. In the future, UKA will develop towards the deep integration of digitalization and intelligence, the collaborative innovation of materials and kinematics, and the internationalization of Chinese treatment protocols, aiming to further improve knee preservation efficacy. Based on existing literature evidence and clinical practice, this article discusses the evolution of case-selection criteria and individualized assessment for UKA, the values and limitations of digital and intelligent technologies in precision surgery, the concept and implementation of kinematic optimization, prosthesis design, fixation modes and material selection, as well as perioperative management. It is intended to provide references for the standardized, precise and function-oriented development of UKA.