[Schistosomiasis control in Jiangxi Province based on the One Health concept: practices and prospects]

Schistosomiasis was once highly prevalent in Jiangxi Province, and currently, the schistosomiasis control program is moving from transmission interruption to elimination in this province. As a zoonotic parasitic disease, schistosomiasis transmission is closely linked to human activities, animal hosts, Oncomelania snail distribution, and ecological environmental changes, which highly aligns with the One Health concept. Based on the One Health concept, this paper systematically reviews the evolution and major strategies of schistosomiasis control programs in Jiangxi Province, summarizes practical experiences including the Communist Party of China and government leadership, multi-sectoral collaboration, case screening, treatment and health management, prevention and control of animal hosts, management of Oncomelania snail-infested environments, and health education and promotion, and analyzes the challenges after achieving the target of transmission interruption, such as climate change, population mobility, resurgence of livestock breading, potential transmission risks from wildlife, and insufficient capacity of surveillance and early warning. It is recommended to further improve the collaborative prevention and control mechanism based on the One Health concept, establish a multi-channel surveillance and early warning system covering humans, animals, Oncomelania snails, and environments, implement a strategy for management of sources of Schistosoma japonicum infections with an emphasis on livestock management and wild animals monitoring, and facilitate the shift of schistosomiasis control programs from morbidity control to "human-animal-environment" coordinated governance, with aims to provide insights into achieving the target of schistosomiasis elimination in Jiangxi Province and China in 2030.