Bilateral renal stones secondary to primary hyperparathyroidism in a 13-year-old boy: a case report

Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT), an extremely rare condition observed in children, only has 2 to 5 reported cases per 100,000 individuals. This case involves a 13-year-old boy presenting with bilateral renal stones, significantly elevated calcium levels (13.0 mg/dL), and a parathyroid hormone level of 296.2 pg/mL (normal range, 10-65 pg/mL). A parathyroid mass was identified through technetium-99m sestamibi scintigraphy. Pediatric cases of pHPT often involve nephrolithiasis, which is frequently linked to genetic conditions. Early and thorough metabolic evaluations are critical for accurate diagnosis and intervention, aiming to prevent serious long-term complications, such as chronic kidney disease and skeletal abnormalities. This case highlights the necessity of meticulous diagnostic protocols for nephrolithiasis in children.