Postpartum sexual dysfunction in resource-limited settings: a cross-sectional study of maternal sexual health

Postpartum sexual health is a crucial aspect of maternal well-being, yet many women worldwide experience postpartum female sexual dysfunction (PFSD). This study aimed to assess its prevalence and investigate the major influencing factors.

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 April to 30 June 2024. A total of 400 mothers were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected using a semi-structured, pretested, self-administered questionnaire and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) to assess sexual dysfunction. Data were entered and managed using EpiData V.4.6 and analysed using SPSS V.25. A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted and adjusted ORs (AORs) with 95% CIs were reported. A p value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.

400 mothers participated, yielding a 97.6% response rate for data analysis. The prevalence of PFSD was found to be 56%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified several factors significantly associated with PFSD. These factors included maternal age over 40 years (AOR=6.93; 95% CI 1.45 to 32.99), absence of antenatal care (AOR=2.33; 95% CI 1.33 to 4.08), instrumental-assisted delivery (AOR=7.11; 95% CI 2.72 to 18.90), postpartum maternal depression (AOR=4.34; 95% CI 3.23 to 7.78) and episiotomy (AOR=1.73; 95% CI 1.03 to 2.89).

More than half of the study participants experienced PFSD. Advanced maternal age, episiotomy, lack of antenatal care during pregnancy, instrumental-assisted delivery and postpartum depression were negatively associated with postpartum sexual function. Given its high prevalence and impact, PFSD represents a significant public health concern that warrants a multidisciplinary approach to promote safe postpartum sexual health and improve maternal well-being in the community.