Research Progress of Differentiation-Inducing Factors (DIFs) in Tumors

Differentiation-Inducing Factors (DIFs) are chlorinated alkylphenone compounds derived from the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. Among these, DIF-1 and DIF-3 have shown significant research value and potential in tumor therapy and other disease areas due to their unique chemical structures and diverse biological activities. This review summarized the research progress of DIF-1 and DIF-3 in tumors and related diseases since the early 21st century, focusing on their anti-tumor mechanisms, including the regulation of cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and the tumor microenvironment. By analyzing existing literature, it demonstrates the complexity and diversity of DIF-1 and DIF-3's mechanisms of action, evaluates their prospects as novel therapeutic molecules, and provides a reference for further exploration in related fields.