Exercise-altered fluid shear stress regulates vascular endothelial inflammation via Piezo1

Exercise, as the primary physiological mechanism for modulating blood fluid shear stress (FSS), plays a crucial role in regulating vascular endothelial function by mediating mechanical signal transduction through the mechanosensor Piezo1. Recent studies have demonstrated that physiological laminar shear stress is essential for maintaining vascular homeostasis, whereas disturbed flow, induced by various factors, leads to endothelial inflammation. This review summarizes the changes in hemodynamic characteristics mediated by different exercises, provides an overview of the structure of the Piezo1, and its physiological functions in endothelial cells. Focuses on analyzing the mechanisms through which fluid shear stress regulates vascular endothelial inflammation via Piezo1. This review aims to comprehensively analyze the potential mechanisms of exercise-induced hemodynamic changes in the protection against vascular diseases and to provide a theoretical basis for Piezo1-targeted therapies in cardiovascular diseases and related chronic inflammation.