Microecology-engineered bioactive textile interfaces for durable allergen deactivation and antibacterial function

Skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis are driven by the combined effects of protein allergens and microbial imbalance, yet conventional fabrics remain biologically passive at the skin interface. Here, we engineer a living textile containing a sustained microbial ecosystem that can regulate both allergen-derived antigenicity and bacterial colonization. Protective microcapsules and a dual-carbon prebiotic system maintain Bacillus subtilis viability for up to 12 months at room temperature and support metabolic reactivation after rehydration, including after repeated laundering. Once active, the embedded microbes release proteases that progressively reduce detectable Fel d 1 antigenicity through epitope degradation. The same textile exhibits durable inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus through a multi-component ecological process involving surface occupation, lipopeptide-associated quorum-sensing interference, and candidate bactericidal metabolites identified by strain-level metabolomic analysis. Because the metabolomic measurements were obtained from liquid culture, these pathways are interpreted as candidate contributors rather than as a direct quantitative description of metabolism on the dry textile. This work establishes a microecology-engineered textile interface in which biological function is renewed over time rather than supplied solely by a finite reservoir of active agents.