Spatially Resolved Temperature Measurement Using Rydberg Doppler Broadening Thermometry

We demonstrate a technique for spatially resolved temperature measurement utilizing Rydberg Doppler broadening thermometry. This method employs two focused laser beams arranged perpendicularly to excite laser-cooled atoms from the ground state to a Rydberg state via a two-photon absorption process. Temperature is obtained through Doppler broadening of the spectral line. The perpendicular configuration allows for selective probing of a specific position within the atomic cloud, enabling localized temperature measurement. This technique, in principle, offers a temperature resolution on the order of nK, attributed to the exceptionally narrow natural linewidth of the involved rubidium Rydberg transition line. Furthermore, the setup enables the measurement of position-velocity correlations within the cold atom ensemble. The velocity information is extracted through the Doppler shift, whereas the spatial information is inferred from the arrival time of ions detected by a channel electron multiplier detector. We use our method to measure the local temperature in a magneto-optical trap.