Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Academic Resilience Scale-30 for Responses to Adverse Workplace...

Background: The Academic Resilience Scale-30 (ARS-30) was originally developed to assess cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses following negative academic evaluation. Because structured performance appraisal has recently become an established component of the Greek public healthcare system, the present study examined whether this evaluative response framework could be meaningfully adapted to occupational performance evaluation. Methods: Test-retest reliability and descriptive analyses were conducted in an initial sample of 140 public healthcare employees, while EFA, internal-consistency analyses, and CFA were conducted in a separate larger sample of 483 employees. Results: Test-retest reliability was very high to excellent across items (ICC = 0.904-1.000). Internal consistency was acceptable for the total score (α = 0.799), good for Performance-Oriented Coping (α = 0.889), and acceptable for Negative Emotional Reactions/Passive Coping (α = 0.767). Positive Reappraisal/Growth Orientation (α = 0.705) and Acute Negative Emotional Reaction (α = 0.707) demonstrated marginally acceptable internal consistency and should therefore be interpreted cautiously. Item 23 was reverse-coded based on its semantic and conceptual direction. Exploratory factor analysis identified a preliminary four-component solution explaining 42.17% of the variance. However, the rotated solution included cross-loadings, and confirmatory factor analysis did not provide adequate support for the prespecified four-factor structure (CFI = 0.661, TLI = 0.629, RMSEA = 0.105, and SRMR = 0.105). Conclusions: Although some reliability findings were encouraging, the hypothesized four-factor structure was not supported by CFA and cannot currently be considered structurally validated. Further psychometric evaluation and model development are therefore required.