Generation of Vascular Organoids from Human iPSCs to Study Neurodegenerative Processes

Organoids are a type of three-dimensional cellular constructs comprising cells of various specializations (phenotypes). In contrast to simple cellular spheroids (aggregates), cells within organoids exhibit more complex differentiation and functional characteristics. This study describes a protocol for generating vascular organoids incorporating vascular endothelial cells. A step-by-step workflow is presented, detailing the necessary reagents and consumables. Additionally, a method for validating differentiation outcomes using immunofluorescence staining is described. Morphological differences are reported between organoids derived from stem cells of a healthy donor and those from patients with Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease.