Resveratrol as a modulator of synaptic plasticity: molecular mechanisms and future therapeutic perspectives

Resveratrol, a compound with polyphenolic properties, has been found in research to exhibit neuroprotective effects. By modulating signaling pathways associated with cell survival, apoptosis, and synaptic plasticity, Resveratrol holds the potential to mitigate cognitive decline. Particularly noteworthy is its ability to enhance hippocampal plasticity and adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN), both of which play critical roles in learning and memory. Synaptic plasticity refers to the ability of neuronal connections to strengthen or weaken based on their activity over time. Various types of cellular stress, such as oxidative stress, can induce apoptosis as a mechanism to maintain cellular equilibrium. Imbalances between the production and elimination of reactive oxygen species in the body give rise to oxidative stress. This imbalance can lead to neuronal damage and dysfunction, thereby impacting synaptic plasticity. The effect of resveratrol dosage determines its ability to either stimulate cellular proliferation or provoke cellular demise. Infinitesimal quantities of resveratrol have a beneficial effect on growth, while elevated doses have a detrimental effect on cell viability. Resveratrol possesses the capacity to eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitigate the detrimental effects of oxidative stress. This review provides a synopsis of how resveratrol modulates synaptic plasticity pathways.