Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 29, 2026

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling
Published on: January 17, 2025
What does the "perfect man" look like? An exploratory Q-methodology study on male appearance ideals among Chinese
Zhaomiao Fu1, Mai Zang2, Wesley R Barnhart3
1Center of Excellence for One Health and Environmental Sustainability, Academy of Life and Natural Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China; Division of Applied Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China.
Abstract:
Appearance ideals play a crucial role in shaping individuals' body image, including body image disturbances. Amidst the influences of modernization and Westernization in contemporary China, Chinese men have reported a rise in body image disturbances. However, there remains a limited empirical understanding of appearance ideals specific to Chinese men. To fill this gap, the present study employed Q-methodology, a mixed-method approach particularly useful for investigating subjectivity, to explore the perceptions of male appearance ideals among a sample of Chinese college students. A Q-set of 45 statements encompassing diverse aspects of appearance ideals for Chinese men was generated. Eighty university students (40 males and 40 females) participated in the Q-sorting procedure and subsequent interviews. Separate Q-factor analyses of the male and female participant groups each identified two broadly comparable shared viewpoints: a muscular ideal, emphasizing muscularity and physical strength, and a junxiu [] ideal, emphasizing proportion, neatness, refined facial presentation, and an overall polished appearance. The results suggested the need to incorporate cultural context in understanding appearance ideals. The findings provide a foundation for future research on culturally situated appearance ideals and their potential relevance to body image-related issues among Chinese young adults.
Related Concept Videos
Relationship Formation
Desirable Characteristics in Others
Close Relationships and Culture
Mate Choice
Factors Influencing Attraction II: Physical Attraction
Impression Management Techniques I: Managing Appearances