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Updated: Sep 29, 2026

Elucidating β-1,3-Glucanase and Peroxidase Physicochemical Properties of Wheat Cell Wall Defense Mechanism Against Diuraphis noxia Infestation
Published on: July 26, 2024
Deciphering competitive interactions in hyaluronic acid-wheat germ gliadin-EGCG ternary nanoparticles:
Ai-Mei Liao1, Zhi-Tong Zhu2, Meng-Yu Gao3
1Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Grain Resources Conservation and Utilization, School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China; School of Biological Science and Engineering, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Specialty Food Resources, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750030, China.
Abstract:
This study investigated the relationships between intermolecular interactions, physicochemical properties, and EGCG release in ternary nanoparticles assembled from hyaluronic acid (HA), wheat germ gliadin (WGG), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Multi-spectroscopic analyses, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations suggested that HA and EGCG interact with WGG through hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and π-π stacking and may occupy partially overlapping interaction regions. These competitive interactions were associated with composition-dependent changes in particle size and EGCG encapsulation efficiency. HWE-NPs also exhibited a faster EGCG release profile than WGG-EGCG nanoparticles (WE-NPs) under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Overall, these findings suggest that competitive intermolecular interactions, in addition to cooperative associations, may represent an important factor regulating the encapsulation and release behavior of protein-polysaccharide-polyphenol ternary delivery systems.
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