A robust high-performance H₂S sensor enabling real-world wireless monitoring

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is a highly toxic and corrosive gas that requires continuous, real-time monitoring at ultra-low concentrations in complex environments. Here we report a wireless, ultra-low-power H₂S sensing platform for long-term, on-site detection. The device achieves a response exceeding 10,000%, a calculated detection limit of 0.328 ppb, and a 7 s response at room temperature, while consuming less than 0.7 μW. This performance represents a 4-5-fold faster response and up to 10⁵-fold lower active sensing power than commercial H₂S sensors. The Au-interfaced MOF-derived architecture synergistically modulates Schottky barriers and grain boundaries, producing a 0.4 eV Schottky barrier shift and increasing current density by more than 10⁶-fold. We further demonstrate practical monitoring of food spoilage, pipeline leakage, and H₂S accumulation in confined industrial environments, highlighting a robust strategy for next-generation smart environmental monitoring.