[Diagnosis/Treatment Status and Research Progress of Primary Thyroid Lymphoma--Review]

Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL), a rare malignancy originating from thyroid lymphoid tissue, is strongly associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis where accelerated lymphocyte proliferation and chronic antigen stimulation constitute key pathogenic mechanisms. The predominant pathological subtypes of PTL include diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALTL). Current research on molecular alterations primarily focuses on MALTL, particularly pathogenic mutations in CD274 and TNFRSF14 . Diagnostic imaging modalities such as ultrasonography and computed tomography contribute significantly to PTL identification and differential diagnosis, while core needle biopsy remains the gold standard for definitive diagnosis. Therapeutic advancements demonstrate that combination therapies incorporating targeted agents with radiochemotherapy can improve clinical outcomes, with surgical intervention serving as a viable option for early-stage patients. This article reviews the latest research advances in PTL.