Recurrent Cutaneous Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in an Immunocompetent Young Adult: A Case Report

The herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a common cause of painful vesicular rash, which can often be mistaken for other causes of vesicular eruptions, such as herpes zoster, due to their similar physical presentation. This case report describes a woman in her 30s who presented with a recurrent vesicular rash on her left thigh. The rash had previously been diagnosed as herpes zoster. Given her young age, recurrent lesions in the same location, and absence of immunocompromising conditions, further evaluation was pursued to assess for an alternative diagnosis. The results ultimately led to a diagnosis of cutaneous HSV infection. Although the initial treatment for the rash did not differ, this case highlights the importance of differentiating between HSV and herpes zoster, as the overall evaluation, long-term management, patient counseling, and recurrence patterns differ between the two infections.