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Factor structure of the neuropsychological battery in the Mexican Cognitive Aging Ancillary Study (Mex-Cog)
Lily Kamalyan1, Zachary J Kunicki2, Sangha Jeon3
1Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons.
Objective:
The Mexican Cognitive Aging Ancillary Study administers a comprehensive cognitive assessment based on the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol. To ensure accurate measurement of cognition for older adults in Mexico, we sought to determine the cognitive factor model of the Mexican Cognitive Aging Ancillary Study battery at Wave 1.
Method:
Participants were 2,042 adults over the age of 55 living in Mexico in 2016, selected from the Mexican Health and Aging Study survey of 2015. We used confirmatory factor analysis to assess and refine a theoretically driven multiple domain hierarchical factor structure. Correlation estimates between cognitive scores and age and education were evaluated.
Results:
The hierarchical general cognition and five-domain models (orientation, memory, language, executive functioning, and visuospatial) were identified as reasonable models for summarizing performance in this sample. Cognitive domains were negatively associated with age (rs = -.31 to -.49) and positively associated with education (rs = .43-.74).
Conclusions:
The Mexican Cognitive Aging Ancillary Study battery demonstrated a reliable cognitive factor structure that assesses the domains of orientation, memory, language, executive functioning, and visuospatial functioning. A hierarchical general cognition factor score was also created. The derived scores can be used to accurately demonstrate cognitive performance among Mexican older adults. Future work will focus on measurement invariance across demographic groups and evaluating the factor structure of Wave 2. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).
