Inclusive mixed-methods research design with deaf and hard-of-hearing participants: methodological reflections

Conducting research with Deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) individuals presents distinctive methodological and ethical challenges. This methodological reflection describes our team's experience in designing and implementing an accessible mixed-methods study that intentionally promoted Deaf and hard-of-hearing inclusion. We outline strategies to address challenges such as linguistic diversity, cultural norms, and technological accessibility across all research phases, from recruitment to dissemination. Knowing sign language facilitated direct communication and trust-building, yet additional adaptations were essential to ensure equity and authenticity. Our approach demonstrates how conventional research tools can be tailored to the communication preferences and cultural contexts of heterogeneous DHH participants. These adaptations enhanced participation and generated richer, contextually grounded data. The lessons learned from this process offer a practical framework that researchers and students can use to promote inclusion, accessibility, and ethical engagement in future studies with DHH populations.