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The Effect of Different Core Build-up Materials on the Fracture Resistance and Failure Patterns of Endodontically
Sagar Hiwale1, Rashi Kandpal1, Dakshita Joy Sinha1
1Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Inderprastha Dental College and Hospital, Sahibabad, India.
Introduction:
This in vitro study evaluated the fracture resistance and failure patterns of endodontically treated maxillary premolars with mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) cavities restored using different core build-up materials.
Methods:
Seventy-two intact human maxillary premolars were randomly assigned to 6 groups (n = 12). Endodontic treatment and standardized MOD cavity preparation were performed for all groups except the positive control (Group 1). Group 2 served as the negative control (endodontically treated teeth [ETT] + MOD), whereas the remaining groups were restored with NC, fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) + NC, horizontal fiber post (HFP) + NC, or ACTIVA + NC. Following thermocycling, fracture resistance was evaluated using a universal testing machine under compressive loading, and failure patterns were recorded. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and the Tukey post hoc test (P < .05). Fracture mode data were treated as categorical variables and were analyzed using Fisher's exact test.
Results:
Fracture resistance differed significantly among the groups (P < .001). The ETT + MOD + FRC + NC groups demonstrated fracture resistance comparable to that of intact teeth and significantly greater than that of the ETT + MOD + HFP + NC groups (P < .05). No significant differences were observed between the ETT + MOD + FRC + NC and ETT + MOD + ACTIVA + NC groups or between the ETT + MOD + HFP + NC and ETT + MOD + ACTIVA + NC groups (P > .05). All remaining pairwise comparisons were statistically significant (P < .05). Failure-pattern analysis demonstrated a significant difference in the distribution of favorable and unfavorable fractures among the groups, where the ETT + MOD + FRC + NC group exhibited the highest proportion of favorable/repairable fractures.
Conclusions:
Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the type of core build-up material significantly influenced fracture resistance. The FRC + NC group demonstrated the greatest reinforcing effect, whereas ACTIVA + NC and HFP + NC groups showed comparable performance and superior fracture resistance to the NC group.