Stigma towards dementia in the Netherlands: A population perspective

Public stigma can negatively impact the wellbeing of people with dementia. Although studies have examined factors related to dementia-related stigma, the associations remain uncertain. This study explored public perceptions of dementia; levels of public stigma; associations between familiarity with dementia, ageism, and stigma; and the influence of emotional reactions on the association between familiarity and discrimination.

Cross-sectional mixed methods survey.

Data were collected using a nationally representative sample of the Dutch population (n = 524).

Thematic analysis of open-ended questions provided insights into perceptions of dementia. The Dementia public stigma scale was used to measure stigma (range = 1-7, higher scores indicate more stigma). Multiple regression analysis examined associations between familiarity with dementia (private life and at work), ageism, and stigma, controlling for gender, age, educational level, and social desirability.

Respondents considered it impossible to describe a person with dementia, mentioning that they vary greatly. People with dementia were described as 'regular people', but stereotypes were also reported. The mean overall stigma score was 3.41 (SD = 0.64). Familiarity was negatively (private life; β=-0.23, p < .001, at work; β=-0.13, p = .001) and ageism was positively associated with overall stigma (β=0.29, p < .001). Fear was positively (β=0.38, p<.001) and prosocial reactions were negatively associated (β=-0.18, p<.001) with exclusion.

Stigma reduction campaigns might stimulate positive interactions with people with dementia and challenge negative dementia-related and ageist views. Future research could assess whether such campaigns foster more inclusive and respectful attitudes towards older adults with and without dementia.