Construction and Application of a Quantitative Assessment Model for Swallowing Function Based on Cross-task Fusion...

Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study (VFSS) is the clinical gold standard for dysphagia assessment, yet routine quantitative analysis still relies on frame-by-frame manual annotation and measurement, resulting in a high time cost and limited inter-rater consistency. Existing deep-learning approaches typically automate isolated subtasks (e.g., keypoint localization or temporal stage recognition), whereas a model specifically designed for the full quantitative analysis pipeline remains rare. We propose the VFSS-QNet (VFSS quantitative analysis network), a lightweight multi-task model with an encoder based on a lightweight gated vision transformer (LGViT) and modules for temporal context aggregation (TCA) and cross-task fusion (CTF). A single network produces two outputs in parallel, namely anatomical keypoints (C2, C4, hyoid, and inner and outer sides of the upper esophageal sphincter) and functional regions (bolus, pharynx, and laryngeal vestibule). For preselected swallow segments, these outputs are converted into six frame-wise curves for extraction of six temporal and five kinematic parameters. Using a fixed subject-level split of a retrospective dataset of 43 subjects (35 training and eight testing), VFSS-QNet achieves an mLE of 5.34 px and an mR² of 99.28% for keypoint detection. Consistency analyses on 15 swallow segments show strong agreement for duration-type and continuous trend-driven parameters, whereas peak-sensitive amplitude measures remained less stable. VFSS-QNet further provides real-time inference at 69.39 frames per second (FPS) with 4.22 M parameters and 0.35 GB of GPU memory usage. Overall, the model achieves a favorable balance among accuracy and computational efficiency, with value for reducing manual workload and supporting standardized assessment and individualized rehabilitation in swallowing function.