Multifunctional Nanoreactor Based on Catalyst Surface Engineering Combines pH-Adaptive Catalysis With Tumor...

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is a novel therapeutic strategy based on the Fenton reaction, which utilizes endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) to generate toxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH) for killing tumor cells. However, the mildly acidic pH and limited H₂O₂ levels in the tumor microenvironment (TME) restrict the activity of the Fenton reaction, severely limiting the therapeutic efficacy of CDT. Here, we construct a multifunctional nanoreactor, Fe₂O₃@MoS₂-Pt/FA, which combines catalyst surface engineering with intracellular metabolic regulation to achieve highly efficient synergy between CDT and chemotherapy. This nanoreactor constructs a localized acidic microenvironment by bonding MoS₂ onto the surface of Fe₂O₃, enabling the Fenton catalyst to maintain high catalytic activity under mildly acidic conditions and thereby overcoming the environmental pH limitation. Meanwhile, the introduction of cisplatin precursors containing disulfide bonds enabled glutathione-responsive release. Cisplatin not only exerts its chemotherapeutic effects but also promotes intracellular H₂O₂ production by activating relevant pathways, providing more abundant substrates for CDT. Through these synergistic multimodal mechanisms, this nanoreactor induces tumor cell apoptosis by causing DNA damage, disrupting cellular redox homeostasis, and impairing mitochondrial and nuclear functions. This study provides an effective nanoplatform design strategy to overcome the limitations of TME pH and H₂O₂ insufficiency in CDT.