Home monitoring devices for glaucoma

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, with global prevalence projected to rise substantially in the coming decades. Advances in digital health technology have enabled the development of home-based monitoring devices that support patient-centered care. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current and emerging technologies for home glaucoma monitoring, focusing on intraocular pressure (IOP) assessment, optic disc imaging, and visual field testing. Home tonometry includes rebound devices such as the iCare HOME rebound tonometer and Tap Eye tonometer. Continuous IOP monitoring approaches include contact lens sensors (CLSs) such as Triggerfish CLS, miLens microfludic CLS, and implantable telemetric systems including Eyemate-IO and Eyemate-SC, offering insights into diurnal IOP fluctuations. IOP Connect (Injectsense) is a miniature implant that records and wirelessly uploads IOP data, though long-term validation is pending. Q Smart (Qura) is a remotely powered suprachoroidal sensor with frequent measurements, currently supported only by animal data. Smartphone-based optic disc imaging and devices with smartphone adapters provide accessible structural assessment, though image quality and user dependence remain limitations. Home-based perimetry platforms such as Melbourne rapid fields, Peristat, Eyeonic online circular-contrast perimetry, VisuALL, C3 Field Analyzer, Mobile virtual perimetry-Frequency-doubling technology, and Eyecatcher 3.0 show good agreement with standard automated perimetry while enhancing accessibility and testing frequency. Although these technologies show considerable potential to enhance disease surveillance and patient engagement, barriers including cost, regulatory approval, long-term validation, and integration into clinical work flows persist. Large-scale studies and unified digital platforms integrating structural and functional data are required to establish their role in routine glaucoma care.