Structural optimization principles as guidelines for trabecular bone treatment models

The fundamental challenge in osteoporosis treatment is understanding the nature of the remodeling process. Understanding and determining the correctness or adequacy of trabecular bone structure in the context of mechanical loads cannot be overlooked. From this perspective, it becomes crucial to consider the actual, spatial bone structure in theoretical studies as a response to the need to transfer external loads.

This article presents an approach that allows for the construction of numerical models for simulating the remodeling phenomenon of trabecular bone. By combining the actual structure of the remodeling tissue and the mechanisms controlling the remodeling process in one model, an effective simulation tool can be built. This should enable "in silico" studies of the response of the entire bone remodeling system to pharmacological effects under variable external loads. This will require not only incorporating many already known observations but also generalizing the concept of homeostasis using principles known from structural optimization.

Structural optimization principles were used as guidelines for trabecular bone treatment models. This approach is discussed in the article and illustrated with numerical examples.

The presented approach, software, and simulation possibilities are an essential tool for developing treatments for chronic bone diseases, particularly osteoporosis, which is characterized by disruption of the micro-architecture of the trabecular bone.