Parkinson's disease: Clinical update and new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder with a significant functional impact and increasing prevalence. A better understanding of the interaction between its potential environmental and genetic causes, along with advances in the ability to detect α-synuclein, is leading to the development of new progression models. This, together with improved characterization of its progression using biomarkers (imaging, digital), is helping to improve care for people with Parkinson's disease. Although levodopa remains the goldstandard of initial treatment, the therapeutic arsenal continues to expand, especially regarding the treatment of motor symptoms and fluctuations, while research studies are focused on developing therapies with the potential to modify disease progression.