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Prehospital trauma systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): a qualitative systematic review protocol
Lucy An1, Sabrina Ramdane1, Tommy Kim1
1McGill University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montreal, Canada.
Introduction:
Trauma-related morbidity and mortality has been shown to be disproportionately high in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Weak or fragmented prehospital systems are one of the aspects contributing significantly to the burden. Therefore, a clearer understanding of the barriers in prehospital trauma care is essential to guide improvements in care capacity for emergency situations in resource-limited settings.
Methods And Analysis:
Abstract and full-text screening will be done using Covidence across different databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane, EBSCO and Web of Science) and data extraction will be done using Microsoft Excel. Full texts will also be exported into NVivo for qualitative coding in order to perform thematic analysis. The databases will be searched up to 31 March 2026 and the search will be updated <3 months before manuscript submission.
Ethics And Dissemination:
Ethics approval is not required as we are performing a secondary analysis on published peer-reviewed literature. Findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented as posters or oral presentations at relevant conferences in hopes that the results will inform healthcare professionals, policy makers, and researchers to develop targeted strategies to improve prehospital care in LMICs.
Prospero Registration Number:
In accordance with the guidelines, our systematic review protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews on 24 July 2025 (registration number CRD420251112090).