Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation in the Adult Acute Care Setting

Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) is a method of mechanical ventilation that provides respiratory support for patients with varying acute or chronic respiratory conditions and can be an effective intervention that may result in the avoidance of endotracheal intubation. NIPPV relies on the combination of a patient's ability to spontaneously breathe and the assistance of a ventilator to produce an inspiratory positive airway pressure, resulting in increased tidal volumes as well as improved ventilation and gas exchange.

This manuscript aims to provide a comprehensive review of nursing care for adult patients in acute care settings requiring NIPPV, including indications, equipment, patient care, weaning protocols, complications, contraindications, and special considerations. While the manuscript is nursing-focused, the information is applicable to multiple disciplines that treat populations receiving or are candidates for NIPPV therapy.

NIPPV can be effectively implemented as an alternative to intubation for many patients who require respiratory support. Successful NIPPV considers each patient's individual needs and depends on attentive monitoring, timely intervention, and a multidisciplinary team approach to manage treatment while transitioning the patient to unassisted spontaneous breathing.