"When emotions teach": a multilevel moderated mediation model of teacher emotion display, classroom climate, and student emotional intelligence on academic risk-taking
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Updated: Oct 3, 2026

A Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-Modal Experimental Design for Studying Near-Real-Time Authentic Examination Experiences
Published on: September 4, 2019
Yuyang Shen1, Hongmei Hou2, Haibo Zhang2
1University Office, Sichuan Technology and Business University, Meishan, Sichuan, China.
Introduction:
This study examines the association between teacher emotional display and students' academic risk-taking behavior, focusing on the mediating role of classroom climate and the moderating role of student emotional intelligence.
Methods:
Data were collected from 419 undergraduate students nested within 68 classrooms at Chinese universities using a three-wave, time-lagged design. Multilevel structural equation modeling was employed to test the hypothesized relationships.
Results:
Teacher emotional display was positively associated with academic risk-taking behavior both directly and indirectly through classroom climate. The relationship between classroom climate and academic risk-taking was stronger among students with higher emotional intelligence. Moreover, the indirect effect of teacher emotional display on academic risk-taking through classroom climate was more pronounced at higher levels of emotional intelligence, supporting a moderated mediation model.
Discussion:
The findings integrate emotional, environmental, and individual factors into a multilevel framework of academic risk-taking. They highlight the importance of emotionally expressive teaching, supportive classroom climates, and students' emotional intelligence in fostering adaptive learning behaviors.
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