Validity and Reliability of the Turkish IPREA-18: A Psychometric Study in Intensive Care Unit Patients

Background and Purpose: Assessing patient-reported discomfort in intensive care units (ICUs) is essential for individualized nursing care. This study aimed to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Incomfort of Patient Reanimation-18 (IPREA-18) scale in Turkish ICU patients. Methods: Following forward-backward translation and expert content validation, psychometric testing was conducted with 250 adult ICU patients hospitalized for at least 48 hours. Construct validity was examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Internal consistency and convergent validity were assessed. Results: A three-factor structure explained 50.90% of the variance, while bifactor analyses supported a dominant general factor. Confirmatory factor analysis showed mixed model fit (root mean square error of approximation = .099, comparative fit index = .966). Internal consistency was good (α = .836), and convergent validity was supported by a strong correlation with the Intensive Care Unit Environmental Stressor Scale (r = .764, p < .001). Conclusions: The Turkish IPREA-18 demonstrated satisfactory validity and reliability for assessing patient-reported discomfort in ICU settings.