Developing a model for conflict management in intensive care units: A grounded theory study

Conflict is a very common phenomenon in the intensive care unit (ICU). Nonetheless, the aim of conflict-related strategies is not to eliminate conflicts but to effectively manage them. The aim of this study was to develop a model for conflict management (CM) in the ICU.

This qualitative study was conducted in 2024 by using Corbin and Strauss's grounded theory design. Data were collected via 32 semi-structured interviews with 18 ICU nurses, observational notes, field notes, and memo writing. Participants were purposefully selected from hospitals affiliated to Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran. Corbin and Strauss's method was used to analyze the data. Then, Walker and Avant's method was used to develop a prescriptive CM model.

Participants' main concern was a vicious relational cycle, and their strategy for its management was striving to build CM-based relational bridges. The outcome of this strategy was doubtfulness over compromise or silence. The compromise-based relationship model for CM was developed with three main components, namely the management of the situation, awareness of CM strategies, and development of communication skills.

The CM process depends on the sociocultural characteristics of nurses and healthcare organizations. The establishment of appropriate relationships is the key prerequisite to CM and depends on the development of nurses' professional skills and strong organizational support. Therefore, health policymakers should consider developing communication and CM skills in nurses.