Preventive trial-and-error model is associated with improved breech delivery skills and training transfer in...

Breech delivery requires midwifery trainees to integrate technical skills, clinical decision-making, and error prevention in time-sensitive situations. We evaluated a preventive trial-and-error model using high-fidelity simulation among 89 midwifery interns in a quasi-experimental study. Over 4 weeks, the intervention incorporated structured exposure to simulated errors, guided correction, preventive strategy discussion, and feedback, whereas the control group received conventional demonstration-based training. Compared with controls, the intervention group achieved higher breech delivery skill scores (89.65 ± 3.42 versus 85.53 ± 2.64) and training transfer scores (25.83 ± 1.78 versus 22.88 ± 1.62). These findings suggest that structured error-based simulation may support short-term skill acquisition and perceived transfer of learning in midwifery education. The approach provides a practical framework for integrating error prevention and reflective learning into simulation-based training when opportunities for repeated clinical exposure are limited.