The silent dialogue between cells: regulatory roles of non-coding RNAs in cardiovascular disease

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in the occurrence, progression, and repair of cardiovascular disease By post-transcriptional regulation, epigenetic modification, cell-fate determination, and metabolic homeostasis-related pathways, microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulate the development of atherosclerosis heart failure and hypertension The stability in circulation and cell type-specific expression of these molecules have important implications for early disease detection, risk stratification, and prognostic prediction. The development of more sensitive detection techniques facilitates accurate quantification of ncRNAs in different sources including exosomes, plasma or tissues and promotes translational research. Interventions directed toward the regulation of ncRNAs, such as miRNA inhibition or replacement and modulation of lncRNAs and circRNAs are being developed. Despite existing challenges related to ncRNA delivery, specificity, and methodological standardization, ncRNAs represent promising molecular signatures for personalized medicine. Integrated use of multi-omics, clinical phenotypes and computational algorithms is anticipated to optimize an ncRNA-guided precision management pipeline from diagnosis to prediction and treatment.