Clinical phenotype profile and risk factors for sinusitis and obstructive sleep apnea in children with adenoid
Chen Liu1, Yanhui Shi2, Dahong Liao1
1Department of Otolaryngology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Background:
Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) is a common childhood condition frequently associated with multiple comorbidities. However, its specific clinical phenotype and the independent risk factors for key complications, particularly in children requiring surgery, remain inadequately elucidated.
Methods:
This retrospective cohort study included 161 children undergoing surgery for AH. Demographic data, disease severity indicators, comorbidities, and laboratory results were collected. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression models were used for data analysis.
Results:
The median age was 91 months. Sinusitis was the most common comorbidity (64.6%), followed by allergic rhinitis (27.3%) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA, 26.1%). Multivariate analysis identified allergic rhinitis as an independent risk factor for sinusitis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16-5.70, P = 0.017). For OSA, tonsil hypertrophy grade was the strongest independent predictor (aOR = 2.90, 95% CI: 1.57 - 5.44, P < 0.001), outweighing the effect of adenoid hypertrophy.
Conclusion:
Children with AH requiring surgery present with a complex multimorbidity profile. Allergic rhinitis significantly increases the risk of sinusitis, while tonsil hypertrophy is the key anatomical predictor for OSA. Clinical assessment and management should concurrently address allergic status and comprehensive naso-oropharyngeal obstruction.
Related Concept Videos
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features
Sleep Apnea
The condition is more prevalent among...
Chronic Pharyngitis
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Tonsillitis I: Introduction
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract I: Health History
Subjective Data
Subjective data provides vital information about the patient's health history and symptoms. This data is typically collected through interviews in which patients describe their experiences, symptoms, and concerns.
Health history and key...
