Prevalence of physical activity involvement among older adults in Africa: A scoping review

The global rise in the population of older adults has significant health implications, particularly in Africa, where demographic transitions are accelerating. Reduced participation in physical activity (PA) is a key determinant of chronic disease burden, functional decline and poor quality of life. Despite its importance, evidence on PA participation among older adults in Africa remains fragmented.

To synthesise evidence on the prevalence of PA involvement among older adults in Africa.

Peer-reviewed studies were systematically searched across PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, CINAHL and Google Scholar. Search terms combined prevalence, older adults, physical activity and participation. Eligible studies included studies of older adult populations that reported PA prevalence. Three reviewers independently screened and appraised the studies. Data were charted and synthesised narratively.

Seven studies revealed significant variability in physical activity levels among older adults in Africa, with low engagement in South Africa and Ethiopia, while Ghana showed higher levels of vigorous activity. The main barriers included advanced age, low income, obesity and a lack of awareness, whereas encouragement from family and healthcare professionals helped enhance participation.

In general, physical activity levels among older adults remain low and are influenced by contextual factors, underlining the importance of addressing social and economic challenges.

This review contributes by consolidating evidence on physical activity among older adults in Africa, exposing research gaps and practical needs. Based on these insights, healthcare providers should encourage activity, give clear advice and work with communities to strengthen support systems.