Near-infrared metasurface full-stokes polarization detector with double-layer gratings

Traditional full-Stokes polarization systems are bulky and suffer from narrow bandwidth, low extinction ratio, and poor transmittance. Here, we design a metasurface-based polarization detection array composed of double-layer grating polarizers and elliptical nanopillar wave plates for near-infrared full-Stokes polarization detection. The proposed device exhibits a simulated linear polarization extinction ratio (LPER) of up to 75 dB, a transmittance above 65%, and a polarization conversion efficiency (PCE) of 99% at 1429 nm. Experimentally, the reconstructed full-Stokes parameters show errors of 2.4% (S₁), 2.1% (S₂), and 0.784% (S₃). This device provides a compact platform for near-infrared full-Stokes polarization detection and shows potential for remote sensing, polarization imaging, and navigation.