Porphyrin-Based Porous Materials for Antibacterial Applications

Bacterial infections are serious threats to human life and health and constitute a major global health challenge. Although antibiotics effectively combat bacteria, the emergence of antibiotic resistance severely compromises their efficacy. Therefore, an efficient and practical approach is urgently sought to improve antibacterial efficiency. Porphyrins, as typical photosensitizers (PSs), serve as favorable candidates for constructing porous materials with enhanced properties due to their advantages, including easy modification, strong light-absorbing ability, and good biocompatibility. Typically, porphyrin-based porous materials are categorized into four classic types according to their linkage modes, including porphyrin-based metal-organic frameworks (PMOFs), porphyrin-based covalent organic frameworks (PCOFs), porphyrin-based hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (PHOFs), and amorphous porphyrin-based porous polymers (APPPs). This review summarizes antimicrobial advances in porphyrin-based porous materials from the perspective of synthetic strategies and structural design in the past 10 years. Key areas include healthcare, food, agriculture, functional textiles, and wastewater treatment. Moreover, the challenges and future development directions in this field are discussed. This review inspires and motivates more researchers to focus on the innovative construction of porphyrin-based porous materials to facilitate the efficient realization of antimicrobial applications.