From Bacterial Infection to Emerging Microbiome Signals in Prostatitis: A Bibliometric Analysis, 1985-2026

Prostatitis research has expanded from conventional bacterial infection models to microbiome approaches. This expansion has not resolved uncertainty about the scale of the newer literature or the visibility of clinical and methodological information in indexed fields. To quantify this expansion, this bibliometric analysis mapped publication patterns and assessed prespecified indexed-field indicators in the modern microbiome, gut microbiome, and Mendelian randomization (MR) subcorpora. The Web of Science Core Collection was searched on June 2, 2026. Eligible records were English-language Articles and Reviews with prostatitis or chronic pelvic pain syndrome in the title. The microbiology criterion required a related concept in the title, abstract, or author keywords. The analysis covered annual publication output, country-level publication output and co-authorship, cited-reference frequencies, author-keyword co-occurrence, and prespecified term-defined subcorpora. Among 755 eligible records, modern microbiome terms occurred in 71 (9.40%), gut microbiome terms in 40 (5.30%), and MR in 5 (0.66%). China and the United States led country-level publication output, whereas the strongest bilateral co-authorship links were Belgium-Italy and Canada-United States. Within the modern microbiome subcorpus, 46 records (64.8%) contained terms indicating a clinical phenotype, 46 (64.8%) named a specimen, and 38 (53.5%) mentioned a molecular microbiome method. Terms indicating a longitudinal or interventional design appeared in 16 records (22.5%), while no terms indicating independent or external validation appeared in the indexed fields. Microbiome work remains a recent but still small branch of prostatitis microbiology, and the findings support longitudinal designs, standardized sampling, and independent validation for clinically interpretable research.