Interrelationship of Tissue Factor With Thromboinflammatory Biomarkers in ESRD and CKD 5 Patients

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects hundreds of millions worldwide and contributes to significant morbidity and mortality. Understanding its pathophysiology may help identify plasma biomarkers that reflect disease severity and treatment response. This study compared plasma tissue factor (TF) concentrations between end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients and healthy controls using combined 2022 and 2023 retrospective cohorts (142 ESRD, 22 controls). Mean TF levels were calculated, and percent change for each ESRD patient was determined relative to the healthy control mean. In 2022, normal human plasma (NHP) TF averaged 96.37 ± 12.72 pg/mL versus 305.19 ± 11.57 pg/mL in ESRD patients, a 216.68% increase. In 2023, NHP TF was 60.19 ± 12.12 pg/mL compared with 341.93 ± 20.40 pg/mL in ESRD patients, a 468.11% increase. Across both cohorts, ESRD patients showed markedly elevated TF levels, supporting a pronounced pro-thrombotic state driven by inflammation and endothelial dysfunction from chronic uremic metabolite accumulation.