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Influence of sintering programs on microstructure, crystal phase composition, and optical and mechanical properties
Camilla Johansson1, Siamak Eqtesadi2, Asbjørn Slagtern Fjellvåg2
1Department of Materials Science and Technology/Dental Technology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö SE-205 06, Sweden.
Objectives:
To evaluate the influence of different sintering programs on the density, crystal phase composition, and biaxial flexural strength of composition- and shade-gradient multilayer zirconia (YML/STML). In addition, the microstructure, transmittance, and indentation fracture (IF) resistance were descriptively analyzed.
Methods:
Specimens of KATANA™ Zirconia YML, containing Body 1 and 2 layers, and STML were divided into three groups depending on sintering program, each with specific sintering parameters: high-speed for 20 min (YH20/SH20), speed for 90 min (YS90/SS90), and conventional sintering for 7 h (YC/SC). Density and flexural strength were analyzed using two-way ANOVA with the factors: material and sintering program (α = .05). Microstructure, phase composition, transmittance, and IF resistance were descriptively analyzed.
Results:
YML exhibited significantly higher density and flexural strength than STML. The sintering programs showed no statistically significant effect on density or flexural strength. The descriptive analyses showed higher t phase fraction and IF resistance, and lower yttria, t'', and c content, grain size, and transmittance of YML compared to STML. Grain size was similar across YML sintering groups but differed among STML groups (S90 < SC < SH20). For YML, an increase in the t phase fraction was observed for prolonged sintering programs (YH20 < YS90 < YC), with reservation for the limited sample size. Transmittance was lower for YS90 compared to YH20 and YC.
Significance:
The density and flexural strength of composition-gradient and shade-gradient multilayer zirconia are material dependent and are not significantly influenced by the sintering program. For composition-gradient zirconia, speed and particularly high-speed sintering programs may reduce the t phase fraction.
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