DanMAX - a beamline for materials science using powder X-ray diffraction, total scattering, and full-field...

DanMAX is a hard X-ray materials science beamline at the ultra-low emittance 3 GeV storage ring at the MAX IV laboratory. It is designed for performing in situ and in operando studies using powder X-ray diffraction and full-field imaging. The beamline is equipped with an in-vacuum undulator source providing photons in the energy range 15-35 keV. The beam can be focused using compound refractive lenses, thus providing a variable beam size range from approximately 15 µm to 1.2 mm (FWHM) that can be changed in seconds. This paper presents the X-ray optics, discusses its performance, and shows the first endstation instrument for powder X-ray diffraction, available sample environments, and the surrounding infrastructure. The powder diffraction instrument is equipped with a CdTe hybrid pixel detector for powder X-ray diffraction and total scattering, as well as an energy-resolved silicon drift detector for X-ray fluorescence experiments. The instrument and infrastructure are designed to be highly flexible to accommodate various sample environments for in situ and in operando experiments.