Faecalibacterium prausnitzii: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential in Host-Microbe Crosstalk

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (Fp), a potential candidate for a next-generation, is widely distributed in the feces and intestinal tract of mammals. Accumulating evidence indicates that Fp and its metabolites exert anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and maintain intestinal barrier integrity. In this review, we summarize the biological characteristics of Fp and its nutritional cross feeding interactions with other microbial species. We further synthesize current evidence on the local roles of Fp in intestinal diseases and systemic effects on distant organs via the gut-organ axis. Furthermore, we outline the mechanisms by which its effector molecules, including butyrate, microbial anti-inflammatory molecule (MAM), and extracellular vesicles (EVs), contribute to disease amelioration. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future perspectives for Fp. Collectively, as an important commensal bacterium in the gut, Fp provides a theoretical basis for the development of novel functional microorganisms with probiotic properties.