Oncobiome relation with HPV and Gynecological cancer

By now, it is well understood that the human body is inhabited by millions of tiny organisms that are alive and found in different parts of our body that called microbiota. Over the past decades, these tiny microorganisms have worked together like a smart network that links to human health, and any alterations or dysbiosis in this network lead to different disorders as well as cancer development. Hence, many preclinical and clinical studies have focused on clarifying the exact role of microflora in cancer development. One of these cancers is gynecological cancer, which is considered a major threat to health in the female population. In the case of gynecological malignancy, the presence and persistent infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is also important. Persistent infection with HPV leads to alterations in the commensal population of microbiota in the vagina and even the gut, resulting in cancer progression. Therefore, we aimed to comprehensively review the current knowledge on the interaction between gut microbiota and vaginal microbiota in HPV acquisition, favoring gynecological cancer development.