Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among Nepalese adults who work at higher altitudes

Non-communicable diseases such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, and hypertension are major global health concerns, with 80% occurring in low-middle income countries. High-altitude exposure can influence cardiovascular health, affecting disease prevalence and life expectancy. In Nepal, a significant portion of the population lives and works at high altitudes, facing unique environmental and physiological stresses. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors among adults working at high altitudes in Nepal.

A descriptive medical camp-based study was conducted in Kathmandu in February and May 2023. The sample included 239 participants, predominantly Sherpa trekking guides, porters, and trekkers working above 4000 m. Data collection involved a structured questionnaire covering socio-demographic variables, health profiles, and lifestyle habits. Blood pressure and echocardiogram were performed, and data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.

Among the participants, 75% were male, with 35.6% aged 31-40. Diabetes was reported by 19.1%, followed by hypertension in 9.2%. Additionally, 53.8% engaged in regular physical activity, 67% were non-smokers, and 59.1% consumed alcohol. Echocardiogram results showed normal left ventricular ejection fraction for all participants. Notably, 32.5% experienced acute mountain sickness, and 3.8% reported syncope.

The prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia are there among the participants who work in high altitudes. Addressing cardiovascular risk factors among high-altitude workers in Nepal is urgent. So, further research on cardiovascular diseases should be carried out at high altitudes.