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Occurrence and Fate of PFAS During Conventional and Advanced Wastewater Treatment
Rodoshi Ahmed1, Benedikt M Aumeier1, Jörg E Drewes2
1Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
Abstract:
This chapter is dedicated to the fate of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances during wastewater treatment, also known as "forever chemicals" due to their very high persistence in the environment. First, their exceptional physicochemical properties are examined to derive their value for industrial applications, their adverse effects on human and environmental health, and starting points for technologies to remove or eliminate them from water. Second, the sources and occurrences of PFAS in the aquatic environment are also presented summarizing the regulatory framework within the European Union. Third, removal technologies are presented and discussed including conventional wastewater treatment as well as established and emerging advanced technologies to remove PFAS from wastewater effluents. At the end, a summary and outlook are provided.
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