Parenting concerns among patients with advanced early-onset lung cancer: a qualitative study based on the ABC-X model

To analyze parenting concerns of patients with advanced early-onset lung cancer based on the ABC-X model, thereby providing a reference for the development of targeted nursing intervention strategies in clinical practice.

Using purposive sampling, 16 patients with advanced early-onset lung cancer who were raising minor children and were receiving treatment at a Grade A Level 3 hospital in Hubei, China, between August and October 2025, were selected for semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was conducted using Colaizzi's 7-step method, and core themes were identified based on the ABC-X model.

Three main themes and seven subthemes were identified. Theme 1 was multiple parenting stresses and role conflicts (covering the stressor, Factor A), including dual physical and psychological constraints, learned helplessness amid parenting responsibilities, and economic conflict and role-adaptation imbalances. Theme 2 was insufficient family and social support resources (covering coping resources, Factor B), including weak social support and inadequate formal medical and welfare support. Theme 3 was negative cognitions and ineffective coping strategies (covering cognitive factors, Factor C), including catastrophic cognition and self-denial, as well as insufficient coping efficacy.

Parenting concerns among patients with advanced early-onset lung cancer were influenced by a combination of multiple stressors, insufficient support resources, and negative cognitive patterns. Nurses should implement targeted parenting support interventions based on the ABC-X model to strengthen family and social support, guide patients in positive cognitive reappraisal, alleviate parenting concerns, and improve their psychological adjustment and the quality of family care.