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Updated: Oct 11, 2026
Dry Film Photoresist-based Electrochemical Microfluidic Biosensor Platform: Device Fabrication, On-chip Assay Preparation, and System Operation
Published on: September 19, 2017
A portable electrochemical platform for azithromycin determination based on batch injection analysis and
Lizandra N Castro1, Dianderson C M Ferreira2, Luiz R G Silva3
1Graduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA 65080-805, Brazil. iranaldo.ss@ufma.br.
Abstract:
This study demonstrates the application of low-cost laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes for the determination of azithromycin using a batch injection analysis (BIA) system. The LIG/BIA platform provided a sensitive and rapid electroanalytical response, with excellent linearity (R2 = 0.999), low detection limit (LOD = 0.024 µmol L-1) and linear range of 1.0 to 80.0 µmol L-1, together with satisfactory precision and accuracy across different matrices. The method was successfully applied to pharmaceutical formulations, synthetic urine, and environmental water samples, providing satisfactory recovery results under the investigated sample conditions. In addition to its analytical performance, the proposed approach offers key practical advantages, including simple electrode fabrication, low sample consumption, minimal sample manipulation, and rapid successive measurements. These results highlight the potential of LIG-based sensors as a versatile and accessible alternative for routine monitoring of azithromycin in complex samples.
