Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 11, 2026

Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials
Published on: May 15, 2015
Persistent Mn3+ Sites on Reduced MnO Enable Efficient Syngas Conversion
Chi Zhang1, Xiao Kong2, Sicong Ma3
1Advanced Institute for Future Energy, State Key Laboratory of Porous Materials For Separation and Conversion, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
Abstract:
Mn-based materials are widely used for syngas conversion, where MnO is generally regarded as the catalytically active phase under reducing conditions. Yet catalysts derived from different Mn oxide precursors often exhibit markedly different performances despite evolving into the same MnO bulk structure during reaction. Here we show that trace Mn3+ sites stabilized on oxygen-deficient MnO surfaces serve as the decisive active sites. Time-resolved energy-dispersive x-ray absorption spectroscopy combined with iterative target transformation factor analysis and depth-resolved synchrotron photoemission spectroscopy reveals a persistent minor Mn3O4-like spectral contribution and its enrichment near the surface of Mn2O3-derived MnO. These stabilized sites strongly enhance CO adsorption and activation, thereby promoting C─O bond cleavage and markedly improving activity and selectivity for syngas-to-light-olefin conversion. More broadly, this work reveals how minority surface sites can govern catalytic function despite identical bulk phases and establishes an operando strategy for quantitatively resolving low-coverage active sites in reducible oxide catalysts.
Related Concept Videos
Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Oximes and Nitro Compounds
Though catalytic hydrogenation can reduce nitrobenzenes, the reduction is nonselective in the presence of other functional groups. For instance, if nitrobenzene contains an aldehyde group,...
Catalysis
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
Reduction of Alkynes to trans-Alkenes: Sodium in Liquid Ammonia
When dissolved in liquid ammonia, an alkali metal, such as sodium, dissociates into a...

