Post-stroke spasticity: advances in network mechanisms and therapeutics

Spasticity is one of the common complications of stroke, causing serious adverse effects for patients. However, comprehensive descriptions of the PSS network mechanism are currently lacking. This paper expounds on the mechanisms underlying post-stroke spasticity from multiple perspectives, including central nervous system networks, neurotransmitter networks, pain networks, and myofascial networks, as well as the brain-gut axis and brain-muscle axis networks. It summarizes emerging treatment approaches in recent years, providing a reference for clinical treatment and rehabilitation.